Refered BY : http://www.w3.org/TR/voicexml20/
Goals of VoiceXML
VoiceXML's main goal is to bring the full power of Web development and content delivery to voice response applications, and to free the authors of such applications from low-level programming and resource management. It enables integration of voice services with data services using the familiar client-server paradigm. A voice service is viewed as a sequence of interaction dialogs between a user and an implementation platform. The dialogs are provided by document servers, which may be external to the implementation platform. Document servers maintain overall service logic, perform database and legacy system operations, and produce dialogs. A VoiceXML document specifies each interaction dialog to be conducted by a VoiceXML interpreter. User input affects dialog interpretation and is collected into requests submitted to a document server. The document server replies with another VoiceXML document to continue the user's session with other dialogs.
VoiceXML is a markup language that:
Minimizes client/server interactions by specifying multiple interactions per document.
Shields application authors from low-level, and platform-specific details.
Separates user interaction code (in VoiceXML) from service logic (e.g. CGI scripts).
Promotes service portability across implementation platforms. VoiceXML is a common language for content providers, tool providers, and platform providers.
Is easy to use for simple interactions, and yet provides language features to support complex dialogs.
While VoiceXML strives to accommodate the requirements of a majority of voice response services, services with stringent requirements may best be served by dedicated applications that employ a finer level of control.
Scope of VoiceXML
The language describes the human-machine interaction provided by voice response systems, which includes:
Output of synthesized speech (text-to-speech).
Output of audio files.
Recognition of spoken input.
Recognition of DTMF input.
Recording of spoken input.
Control of dialog flow.
Telephony features such as call transfer and disconnect.
The language provides means for collecting character and/or spoken input, assigning the input results to document-defined request variables, and making decisions that affect the interpretation of documents written in the language. A document may be linked to other documents through Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs).
Principles of Design
VoiceXML is an XML application [XML].
The language promotes portability of services through abstraction of platform resources.
The language accommodates platform diversity in supported audio file formats, speech grammar formats, and URI schemes. While producers of platforms may support various grammar formats the language requires a common grammar format, namely the XML Form of the W3C Speech Recognition Grammar Specification [SRGS], to facilitate interoperability. Similarly, while various audio formats for playback and recording may be supported, the audio formats described in Appendix E must be supported
The language supports ease of authoring for common types of interactions.
The language has well-defined semantics that preserves the author's intent regarding the behavior of interactions with the user. Client heuristics are not required to determine document element interpretation.
The language recognizes semantic interpretations from grammars and makes this information available to the application.
The language has a control flow mechanism.
The language enables a separation of service logic from interaction behavior.
It is not intended for intensive computation, database operations, or legacy system operations. These are assumed to be handled by resources outside the document interpreter, e.g. a document server.
General service logic, state management, dialog generation, and dialog sequencing are assumed to reside outside the document interpreter.
The language provides ways to link documents using URIs, and also to submit data to server scripts using URIs.
VoiceXML provides ways to identify exactly which data to submit to the server, and which HTTP method (GET or POST) to use in the submittal.
The language does not require document authors to explicitly allocate and deallocate dialog resources, or deal with concurrency. Resource allocation and concurrent threads of control are to be handled by the implementation platform
Sunday, September 23, 2007
Thursday, August 23, 2007
Tuesday, August 21, 2007
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Thursday, August 9, 2007
Interview questions for .NET
.NET interview questions
What is a static class?
What is static member?
What is static function?
What is static constructor?
How can we inherit a static variable?
How can we inherit a static member?
Can we use a static function with a non-static variable?
How can we access static variable?
Why main function is static?
How will you load dynamic assembly? How will create assesblies at run time?
What is Reflection?
If I have more than one version of one assemblies, then how will I use old version (how/where to specify version number?) in my application?
How do you create threading in.NET? What is the namespace for that?
What do you mean by Serialize and MarshalByRef?
What is the difference between Array and LinkedList?
What is Asynchronous call and how it can be implemented using delegates?
How to create events for a control? What is custom events? How to create it?
If you want to write your own dot net language, what steps you will you take care?
Describe the diffeerence between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?
How dot net compiled code will become platform independent?
Without modifying source code if we compile again, will it be generated MSIL again?
How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?
How CCW (Com Callable Wrapper) and RCW (Runtime Callable Wrappers) works?
What are the new thee features of COM+ services, which are not there in COM (MTS)?
What are the differences between COM architecture and.NET architecture?
Can we copy a COM dll to GAC folder?
What is Shared and Repeatable Inheritance?
Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
How can you write a class to restrict that only one object of this class can be created (Singleton class)?
What are virtual destructures?
What is close method? How its different from Finalize and Dispose?
What is Boxing and UnBoxing?
What is check/uncheck?
What is the use of base keyword? Tell me a practical example for base keyword’s usage?
What are the different.NET tools which you used in projects?
What will do to avoid prior case?
What happens when you try to update data in a dataset in.NET while the record is already deleted in SQL Server as backend?
What is concurrency? How will you avoid concurrency when dealing with dataset?
One user deleted one row after that another user through his dataset was trying to update same row. What will happen? How will you avoid this problem?
How do you merge two datasets into the third dataset in a simple manner?
If you are executing these statements in commandObject. “Select * from Table1; Select * from Table2″ How you will deal result set?
How do you sort a dataset.
If a dataset contains 100 rows, how to fetch rows between 5 and 15 only?
What is the use of Parameter object?
How to generateXML from a dataset and vice versa?
How do you implement locking concept for dataset?
How will you do Redo and Undo in TextBox control?
How to implement DataGrid in.NET? How would you make a combo-box appear in one column of a DataGrid? What are the ways to show data grid inside a data grid for a master details type of tables? If we write any code for DataGrid methods. what is the access specifier used for that methods in the code behind file and why?
How can we create Tree control in asp.NET?
Write a program in C# to find the angle between the hours and minutes in a clock?
Write a program to create a user control with name and surname as data members and login as method and also the code to call it.
How can you read 3rd line from a text file?
Explain the code behind wors and contrast that using the inline style.
Explain different types of HTML, Web and server controls.
What are the differences between user control and server control?
How server form post-back works?
Can the action attribute of a server-side
Top of Form
tag be set to a value and if not how can you possibly pass data from a form page to a subsequent page?
How would ASP and ASP.NET apps run at the same time on the same server?
What are good ADO.NET object to replace to ADO Recordset object.
Explain the differences between Server-side code and Client-side code.
What type of code(server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why?
What does the “EnableViewState” property do? Why would I want it on or off?
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect? Why?
Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced.NET component?
Let’s say I have an existing application written using VB6 and this application utilizes Windows 2000 COM+ transaction services. How would you approach migrating this application to.NET?
If I am developing an application that must accomodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing). What would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users?
What are ASP.NET web forms? How is this technology different than what is available though ASP(1.0-3.0)?
How does VB.NET achieve polymorphism?
How does C# achieve polymorphism?
Can you explain what is Inheritance and an example in VB.NET and C# of when you might use it?
Describe difference between inline and code-behind?
What is loosely coupled solution in.NET?
What is diffgram?
Where would you use an iHTTPModule and what are the limitations of any approach you might take in implementing one?
What are the Advantages and DisAdvantages of viewstate?
Describe session handling in a webform, how does it work and what are the limitations?
How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers? Explain it’s limitations.
What is MSIL and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
Which methos do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Can you edit data in Repeater control? How?
Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the repeater control?
What base class do all web forms inherit from?
What method do you use to explicitly kill a user’s session? How?
How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site? Give an example.
Which two properties are on every validation control?
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? Give an example.
How do you create a permanent cookie?
What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the dataGrid?
What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web Service?
Which method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing a round trip to the client? How?
What is the transport protocol you use to call a Seb Service SOAP?
What does WSDL stand for?
What property do you have to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using the Pager object?
Where on the Internet would you look for Web Services?
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? How?
Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
How is a property designated as read-only?
Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
Top of Form
1. ishaq said,
I want to knowwhat is multiple inheritance?what is Virtual polymorphism?how to fetch 5th and 15th record from the datagrid using c#.net?
2. vishal said,
can we write c# code in web.config file?can we bind datagrid with datareader?can we add two web.config in one project?
3. Haris Habib said,
what is multiple inheritance?The way to inherit a class from multiple classes.In C++ that was possible but not in C# and Vb.Net.Although you can Inherit/Implement from multiple interfaces.
4. Ali Baba said,
to fetch the records from any row just use the following technique:
datagrid.rows[n].columns[m]where n is the row number and m is the column number
to fetch from gridview:gridview.rows[n].ItemArray[m]
5. Ahmed said,
1. What is a static class?A static class is a class which can not be instantiated using the ‘new’ keyword. They also only contain static members, are sealed and have a private constructor.
2. What is static member?A static member is a method, field, property or event that can be called without creating an instance of its defining class. Static members are particularly useful for representing calculations and data that are independent of object state.
3. What is static function?A static function is another term for a static method. It allows you to execute the function without creating an instance of its defining class. They are similar to global functions. An example of a static function could be: ConvertFromFarenheitToCelsius with a signature as follows:
public static double ConvertFromFarenheitToCelsius (string valToConvert){//add code here}
4. What is static constructor?A static constructor has a similar function as a normal constructor i.e. it is automatically called the first time a class is loaded. The differences between a conventional constructor are that it cannot be overloaded, cannot have any parameters nor have any access modifiers and must be preceded by thekeyword static. In addition, a class with a static constructor may only have static members.
5. How can we inherit a static variable?6. How can we inherit a static member?When inheriting static members there is no need to instantiate the defining class using the ‘new’ keyword.
public class MyBaseClass{MyBaseClass(){}public static void PrintName(){}
}
public class MyDerivedClass : MyBaseClass{MyDerivedClass (){}
public void DoSomething(){MyBaseClass.GetName();}
}
7. Can we use a static function with a non-static variable?No.
8. How can we access static variable?By employing the use of a static member field as follows:public class CashSales{//declare static member fieldprivate static int maxUnitsAllowed = 50;
//declare method to return maximum number of units allowed
public static int GetMaxUnitsAllowed (){Return maxUnitsAllowed;}
}The static field can now be accessed by simply doing CashSales.GetMaxUnitsAllowed(). No need to create an instance of the class.
9. Why main function is static?Because it is automatically loaded by the CLR and initialised by the runtime when the class is first loaded. If it wasn’t static an instance of the class would first need to be created and initialised.
10. How will you load dynamic assembly? How will create assemblies at run time?
Load assembly:By using classes from the System.Reflection namespace.Assembly x = Assembly.LoadFrom( “LoadMe.dll” );
Create assembly;Use classes from System.CodeDom.Compiler;
11. What is Reflection?The System.Reflection namespace provides us with a series of classes that allow us to interrogate the codebase at run-time and perform functions such as dynamically load assemblies, return property info e.t.c.
12. If I have more than one version of one assembly, then how will I use old version (how/where to specify version number?) in my application?The version number is stored in the following format: …. The assembly manifest can then contain a reference to which version number we want to use.
13. How do you create threading in.NET? What is the namespace for that?
System.Threading;
//create new thread using the thread class’s constructor
Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart (someFunction));
14. What do you mean by Serialize and MarshalByRef?Serialization is the act of saving the state of an object so that it can be recreated (i.e deserialized) at a later date.The MarshalByRef class is part of the System.Runtime.Remoting namespace and enables us to access and use objects that reside in different application domains. It is the base class for objects that need to communicate across application domains. MarshalByRef objects are accessed directly within their own application domain by using a proxy to communicate. With MarshalByValue the a copy of the entire object is passed across the application domain
15. What is the difference between Array and LinkedList?An array is a collection of the same type. The size of the array is fixed in its declaration.A linked list is similar to an array but it doesn’t have a limited size.
16. What is Asynchronous call and how it can be implemented using delegates?A synchronous call will wait for a method to complete before program flow is resumed. With an asynchronous call the program flow continues whilst the method executes.
//create objectSomeFunction objFunc = new SomeFunction();
//create delegateSomeDelegate objDel = new SomeDelegate(objFunc.FunctionA);
//invoke the method asynchronously (use interface IAsyncResult)IAsyncResult asynchCall = SomeDelegate.Invoke();
17. How to create events for a control? What is custom events? How to create it?An event is a mechanism used in a class that can be used to provide a notification when something interesting happens. (typical evens in a windows application include: change text in textbox, double click or click a button, select an item in dropdown box).
A custom event is an event created by the user that other developers can use. For example assuming that we have a CashTransaction class and we have a bank balance property in that class. We may want to set-up an event that provides a notification when the bank balance drops below a certain amount. In order to produce an event the process would be roughly as follows:
Create the class for the event derived from EventArgs.Create a delegate with a return type of void.Create a class containing the method that will activate the event.Create a class with methods to handle the event.
18. If you want to write your own dot net language, what steps you will you take care?We will need to ensure that the high level code is compiled to MSIL (Microsoft intermediate language) so that it can be interpreted by the CLR.
19. Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?The term ‘code behind’ refers to application code that is not embedded within the ASPX page and is separated out into a separate file which is then referenced from the ASPX page. Inline code is the traditional ASP architectural model where business logic code was embedded within the ASP page. Separating the business logic code from the presentation layer offers several advantages:
1) It allows graphic designers and web developers to work on the presentation layer whilst the application developers concentrate on the business logic.2) The codebehind file is compiled as a single dll increasing the efficiency of the application,3) The codebehind model offers a true OO development platform,4) It speeds up development time as it allows developers to fully maximise the features of the .NET framework such as Cahing, ViewState, Session, Smart Navigation etc.5) Code is much easier to maintain and susceptible for change.6) The compiler and VS.NET provides much better support for error checking, intellisense and debugging when using the code behind model.
20. How dot net compiled code will become platform independent?The raison d’etre for .NET was to cater for multiples languages on a single windows platform whereas the aim of Java was to be a single language on multiple platforms. The only way that .NET can be platform independent is if there is a version of the .NET framework installed on the target machine.
21. Without modifying source code if we compile again, will it be generated MSIL again?No.
22. How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?use TlbImp.exe to import the COM types into your .NET project. If no type library for the COM component then use System.Runtime.InteropServices
22. How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?use TlbImp.exe to import the COM types into your .NET project. If no type library for the COM component then use System.Runtime.InteropServicesuse RegAsm.exe to call a .NET developed component in a COM application.
23. How CCW (Com Callable Wrapper) and RCW (Runtime Callable Wrappers) works?CCW: When a COM application calls a NET object the CLR creates the CCW as a proxy since the COM application is unable to directly access the .NET object.RCW: When a .NET application calls a COM object the CLR creates the RCW as a proxy since the .NET application is unable to directly access the .COM object.
24. What are the new thee features of COM+ services, which are not there in COM (MTS)?Role based security.Neutral apartment threading.New environment called context which defines the execution environment
25. What are the differences between COM architecture and.NET architecture?.Net architecture has superseded the old COM architecture providing a flexible rapid application development environment which can be used to create windows, web and console applications and web services. .NET provides a powerful development environment that can be used to create objects in any .NET compliant language. .NET addresses the previous problems of dll hell with COM by providing strongly named assemblies and side-by-side execution where two assemblies with the same name can run on the same box.
26. Can we copy a COM dll to GAC folder?No. It only stores .NET assemblies.
28. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?Inheritance is a fundamental feature of any OO language. It allows us to inherit the members and attributes from a base class to a new derived class. This leads to increased code reusability and also makes applications easier to develop, maintain and extend as the new derived class can contain new features not available in the base class whilst at the same time preserving the attributes inherited from the base class.
29. How can you write a class to restrict that only one object of this class can be created (Singleton class)?Use the singleton design pattern.public sealed class Singleton{static readonly Singleton Instance=new Singleton();
static Singleton(){}
Singleton(){}
public static Singleton Instance{get{return Instance;}}}
30. What are virtual destructors?A constructor can not be virtual but a destructor may. Use virtual destructors when you want to implement polymorphic tearing down of an object.
31. What is close method? How it different from Finalize and Dispose?finalise is the process that allows the garbage collector to clean up any unmanaged resources before it is destroyed.The finalise method can not be called directly; it is automatically called by the CLR. In order to allow more control over the release of unmanaged resources the .NET framework provides a dispose method which unlike finalise can be called directly by code.Close method is same as dispose. It was added as a convenience.
32. What is Boxing and UnBoxing?Boxing is the process of converting a value type to a reference type. More specifically it involves encapsulating a copy of the object and moving it from stack to heap. Unboxing is the reverse process.
33. What is check/uncheck?checked: used to enable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions.unchecked: used to disable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions.
What is a static class?
What is static member?
What is static function?
What is static constructor?
How can we inherit a static variable?
How can we inherit a static member?
Can we use a static function with a non-static variable?
How can we access static variable?
Why main function is static?
How will you load dynamic assembly? How will create assesblies at run time?
What is Reflection?
If I have more than one version of one assemblies, then how will I use old version (how/where to specify version number?) in my application?
How do you create threading in.NET? What is the namespace for that?
What do you mean by Serialize and MarshalByRef?
What is the difference between Array and LinkedList?
What is Asynchronous call and how it can be implemented using delegates?
How to create events for a control? What is custom events? How to create it?
If you want to write your own dot net language, what steps you will you take care?
Describe the diffeerence between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?
How dot net compiled code will become platform independent?
Without modifying source code if we compile again, will it be generated MSIL again?
How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?
How CCW (Com Callable Wrapper) and RCW (Runtime Callable Wrappers) works?
What are the new thee features of COM+ services, which are not there in COM (MTS)?
What are the differences between COM architecture and.NET architecture?
Can we copy a COM dll to GAC folder?
What is Shared and Repeatable Inheritance?
Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
How can you write a class to restrict that only one object of this class can be created (Singleton class)?
What are virtual destructures?
What is close method? How its different from Finalize and Dispose?
What is Boxing and UnBoxing?
What is check/uncheck?
What is the use of base keyword? Tell me a practical example for base keyword’s usage?
What are the different.NET tools which you used in projects?
What will do to avoid prior case?
What happens when you try to update data in a dataset in.NET while the record is already deleted in SQL Server as backend?
What is concurrency? How will you avoid concurrency when dealing with dataset?
One user deleted one row after that another user through his dataset was trying to update same row. What will happen? How will you avoid this problem?
How do you merge two datasets into the third dataset in a simple manner?
If you are executing these statements in commandObject. “Select * from Table1; Select * from Table2″ How you will deal result set?
How do you sort a dataset.
If a dataset contains 100 rows, how to fetch rows between 5 and 15 only?
What is the use of Parameter object?
How to generateXML from a dataset and vice versa?
How do you implement locking concept for dataset?
How will you do Redo and Undo in TextBox control?
How to implement DataGrid in.NET? How would you make a combo-box appear in one column of a DataGrid? What are the ways to show data grid inside a data grid for a master details type of tables? If we write any code for DataGrid methods. what is the access specifier used for that methods in the code behind file and why?
How can we create Tree control in asp.NET?
Write a program in C# to find the angle between the hours and minutes in a clock?
Write a program to create a user control with name and surname as data members and login as method and also the code to call it.
How can you read 3rd line from a text file?
Explain the code behind wors and contrast that using the inline style.
Explain different types of HTML, Web and server controls.
What are the differences between user control and server control?
How server form post-back works?
Can the action attribute of a server-side
Top of Form
tag be set to a value and if not how can you possibly pass data from a form page to a subsequent page?
How would ASP and ASP.NET apps run at the same time on the same server?
What are good ADO.NET object to replace to ADO Recordset object.
Explain the differences between Server-side code and Client-side code.
What type of code(server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why?
What does the “EnableViewState” property do? Why would I want it on or off?
What is the difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect? Why?
Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced.NET component?
Let’s say I have an existing application written using VB6 and this application utilizes Windows 2000 COM+ transaction services. How would you approach migrating this application to.NET?
If I am developing an application that must accomodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing). What would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users?
What are ASP.NET web forms? How is this technology different than what is available though ASP(1.0-3.0)?
How does VB.NET achieve polymorphism?
How does C# achieve polymorphism?
Can you explain what is Inheritance and an example in VB.NET and C# of when you might use it?
Describe difference between inline and code-behind?
What is loosely coupled solution in.NET?
What is diffgram?
Where would you use an iHTTPModule and what are the limitations of any approach you might take in implementing one?
What are the Advantages and DisAdvantages of viewstate?
Describe session handling in a webform, how does it work and what are the limitations?
How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers? Explain it’s limitations.
What is MSIL and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
Which methos do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Can you edit data in Repeater control? How?
Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the repeater control?
What base class do all web forms inherit from?
What method do you use to explicitly kill a user’s session? How?
How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site? Give an example.
Which two properties are on every validation control?
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? Give an example.
How do you create a permanent cookie?
What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the dataGrid?
What is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a Web Service?
Which method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing a round trip to the client? How?
What is the transport protocol you use to call a Seb Service SOAP?
What does WSDL stand for?
What property do you have to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using the Pager object?
Where on the Internet would you look for Web Services?
What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? How?
Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
How is a property designated as read-only?
Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
Top of Form
1. ishaq said,
I want to knowwhat is multiple inheritance?what is Virtual polymorphism?how to fetch 5th and 15th record from the datagrid using c#.net?
2. vishal said,
can we write c# code in web.config file?can we bind datagrid with datareader?can we add two web.config in one project?
3. Haris Habib said,
what is multiple inheritance?The way to inherit a class from multiple classes.In C++ that was possible but not in C# and Vb.Net.Although you can Inherit/Implement from multiple interfaces.
4. Ali Baba said,
to fetch the records from any row just use the following technique:
datagrid.rows[n].columns[m]where n is the row number and m is the column number
to fetch from gridview:gridview.rows[n].ItemArray[m]
5. Ahmed said,
1. What is a static class?A static class is a class which can not be instantiated using the ‘new’ keyword. They also only contain static members, are sealed and have a private constructor.
2. What is static member?A static member is a method, field, property or event that can be called without creating an instance of its defining class. Static members are particularly useful for representing calculations and data that are independent of object state.
3. What is static function?A static function is another term for a static method. It allows you to execute the function without creating an instance of its defining class. They are similar to global functions. An example of a static function could be: ConvertFromFarenheitToCelsius with a signature as follows:
public static double ConvertFromFarenheitToCelsius (string valToConvert){//add code here}
4. What is static constructor?A static constructor has a similar function as a normal constructor i.e. it is automatically called the first time a class is loaded. The differences between a conventional constructor are that it cannot be overloaded, cannot have any parameters nor have any access modifiers and must be preceded by thekeyword static. In addition, a class with a static constructor may only have static members.
5. How can we inherit a static variable?6. How can we inherit a static member?When inheriting static members there is no need to instantiate the defining class using the ‘new’ keyword.
public class MyBaseClass{MyBaseClass(){}public static void PrintName(){}
}
public class MyDerivedClass : MyBaseClass{MyDerivedClass (){}
public void DoSomething(){MyBaseClass.GetName();}
}
7. Can we use a static function with a non-static variable?No.
8. How can we access static variable?By employing the use of a static member field as follows:public class CashSales{//declare static member fieldprivate static int maxUnitsAllowed = 50;
//declare method to return maximum number of units allowed
public static int GetMaxUnitsAllowed (){Return maxUnitsAllowed;}
}The static field can now be accessed by simply doing CashSales.GetMaxUnitsAllowed(). No need to create an instance of the class.
9. Why main function is static?Because it is automatically loaded by the CLR and initialised by the runtime when the class is first loaded. If it wasn’t static an instance of the class would first need to be created and initialised.
10. How will you load dynamic assembly? How will create assemblies at run time?
Load assembly:By using classes from the System.Reflection namespace.Assembly x = Assembly.LoadFrom( “LoadMe.dll” );
Create assembly;Use classes from System.CodeDom.Compiler;
11. What is Reflection?The System.Reflection namespace provides us with a series of classes that allow us to interrogate the codebase at run-time and perform functions such as dynamically load assemblies, return property info e.t.c.
12. If I have more than one version of one assembly, then how will I use old version (how/where to specify version number?) in my application?The version number is stored in the following format: …. The assembly manifest can then contain a reference to which version number we want to use.
13. How do you create threading in.NET? What is the namespace for that?
System.Threading;
//create new thread using the thread class’s constructor
Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart (someFunction));
14. What do you mean by Serialize and MarshalByRef?Serialization is the act of saving the state of an object so that it can be recreated (i.e deserialized) at a later date.The MarshalByRef class is part of the System.Runtime.Remoting namespace and enables us to access and use objects that reside in different application domains. It is the base class for objects that need to communicate across application domains. MarshalByRef objects are accessed directly within their own application domain by using a proxy to communicate. With MarshalByValue the a copy of the entire object is passed across the application domain
15. What is the difference between Array and LinkedList?An array is a collection of the same type. The size of the array is fixed in its declaration.A linked list is similar to an array but it doesn’t have a limited size.
16. What is Asynchronous call and how it can be implemented using delegates?A synchronous call will wait for a method to complete before program flow is resumed. With an asynchronous call the program flow continues whilst the method executes.
//create objectSomeFunction objFunc = new SomeFunction();
//create delegateSomeDelegate objDel = new SomeDelegate(objFunc.FunctionA);
//invoke the method asynchronously (use interface IAsyncResult)IAsyncResult asynchCall = SomeDelegate.Invoke();
17. How to create events for a control? What is custom events? How to create it?An event is a mechanism used in a class that can be used to provide a notification when something interesting happens. (typical evens in a windows application include: change text in textbox, double click or click a button, select an item in dropdown box).
A custom event is an event created by the user that other developers can use. For example assuming that we have a CashTransaction class and we have a bank balance property in that class. We may want to set-up an event that provides a notification when the bank balance drops below a certain amount. In order to produce an event the process would be roughly as follows:
Create the class for the event derived from EventArgs.Create a delegate with a return type of void.Create a class containing the method that will activate the event.Create a class with methods to handle the event.
18. If you want to write your own dot net language, what steps you will you take care?We will need to ensure that the high level code is compiled to MSIL (Microsoft intermediate language) so that it can be interpreted by the CLR.
19. Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?The term ‘code behind’ refers to application code that is not embedded within the ASPX page and is separated out into a separate file which is then referenced from the ASPX page. Inline code is the traditional ASP architectural model where business logic code was embedded within the ASP page. Separating the business logic code from the presentation layer offers several advantages:
1) It allows graphic designers and web developers to work on the presentation layer whilst the application developers concentrate on the business logic.2) The codebehind file is compiled as a single dll increasing the efficiency of the application,3) The codebehind model offers a true OO development platform,4) It speeds up development time as it allows developers to fully maximise the features of the .NET framework such as Cahing, ViewState, Session, Smart Navigation etc.5) Code is much easier to maintain and susceptible for change.6) The compiler and VS.NET provides much better support for error checking, intellisense and debugging when using the code behind model.
20. How dot net compiled code will become platform independent?The raison d’etre for .NET was to cater for multiples languages on a single windows platform whereas the aim of Java was to be a single language on multiple platforms. The only way that .NET can be platform independent is if there is a version of the .NET framework installed on the target machine.
21. Without modifying source code if we compile again, will it be generated MSIL again?No.
22. How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?use TlbImp.exe to import the COM types into your .NET project. If no type library for the COM component then use System.Runtime.InteropServices
22. How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?use TlbImp.exe to import the COM types into your .NET project. If no type library for the COM component then use System.Runtime.InteropServicesuse RegAsm.exe to call a .NET developed component in a COM application.
23. How CCW (Com Callable Wrapper) and RCW (Runtime Callable Wrappers) works?CCW: When a COM application calls a NET object the CLR creates the CCW as a proxy since the COM application is unable to directly access the .NET object.RCW: When a .NET application calls a COM object the CLR creates the RCW as a proxy since the .NET application is unable to directly access the .COM object.
24. What are the new thee features of COM+ services, which are not there in COM (MTS)?Role based security.Neutral apartment threading.New environment called context which defines the execution environment
25. What are the differences between COM architecture and.NET architecture?.Net architecture has superseded the old COM architecture providing a flexible rapid application development environment which can be used to create windows, web and console applications and web services. .NET provides a powerful development environment that can be used to create objects in any .NET compliant language. .NET addresses the previous problems of dll hell with COM by providing strongly named assemblies and side-by-side execution where two assemblies with the same name can run on the same box.
26. Can we copy a COM dll to GAC folder?No. It only stores .NET assemblies.
28. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?Inheritance is a fundamental feature of any OO language. It allows us to inherit the members and attributes from a base class to a new derived class. This leads to increased code reusability and also makes applications easier to develop, maintain and extend as the new derived class can contain new features not available in the base class whilst at the same time preserving the attributes inherited from the base class.
29. How can you write a class to restrict that only one object of this class can be created (Singleton class)?Use the singleton design pattern.public sealed class Singleton{static readonly Singleton Instance=new Singleton();
static Singleton(){}
Singleton(){}
public static Singleton Instance{get{return Instance;}}}
30. What are virtual destructors?A constructor can not be virtual but a destructor may. Use virtual destructors when you want to implement polymorphic tearing down of an object.
31. What is close method? How it different from Finalize and Dispose?finalise is the process that allows the garbage collector to clean up any unmanaged resources before it is destroyed.The finalise method can not be called directly; it is automatically called by the CLR. In order to allow more control over the release of unmanaged resources the .NET framework provides a dispose method which unlike finalise can be called directly by code.Close method is same as dispose. It was added as a convenience.
32. What is Boxing and UnBoxing?Boxing is the process of converting a value type to a reference type. More specifically it involves encapsulating a copy of the object and moving it from stack to heap. Unboxing is the reverse process.
33. What is check/uncheck?checked: used to enable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions.unchecked: used to disable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions.
Wednesday, August 8, 2007
Microsoft visual studio .Net Ceritification details
Why take certifications?
Certifications help assure employers that you are valuable. It is the best way you could exhibit your technical expertise, in paper. In most cases, you won't get a chance to demonstrate your ability; but a small piece of text in your resume regarding your certifications will make you stand out. There is no doubt that certifications help you in your career. If you want a job, or want to get promoted, certifications do increase chances.
So what are the .NET certifications?
With Microsoft .NET, you have two certifications to choose from: Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD), and Microsoft Certified Application DeveloperMCAD).
What are the differences?
MCSD is the premium certification while MCAD is the entry-level one. MCSD is targeted for experienced professionals while MCAD is for those who had been around for only 1-2 years. Other than the fact that MCSD requires you to pass two additional exams than MCAD, there are no other exam-level differences. So, your MCAD exams count towards your MCSD certification too.
Which one should I go for now?
If you are a developer who is involved more into implementing (read programming) projects, take MCAD. If you are more of an architect rather than a developer, who analyzes the project requirements, and designs solutions, take MCSD.
What will I gain?
Apart from the certification and industry recognition, you get access to a lot of other goodies like: the certification logo, invitations to conferences and much more. Visit MCSD benefits and MCAD benefits for more information.
How much?
Each exam costs around 2,400/-.
MCAD Exam Details
A total of three exams - two core and one elective, are required.Core Exams (two required)
Visual Basic .NET Language Path
Visual C# Language Path
Exam 70-305:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-306: Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-310: Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-315:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-316:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-320:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Elective Exams (one required)
Exam 70-229: Designing and Implementing Databases with Microsoft SQL Server 2000, Enterprise Edition
Exam 70-230:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-234:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft Commerce Server 2000
Exam 70–330:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET
OR
Exam 70–340:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual C# .NET
MCSD Exam Details
In addition to the MCAD exams, you need to pass one more core and elective exam each. Hence MCSD requires you to pass five exams. If you are already an MCSD on non-.NET, you will have to take the core exams.
Core Exams (all four required)
Visual Basic .NET Language Path
Exam 70-305:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-306:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-310:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-300:
Analyzing Requirements and Defining .NET Solution Architectures. Note: This exam is language independent.
Visual C# Language Path
Exam 70-315:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-316:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-320:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-300:
Analyzing Requirements and Defining .NET Solution Architectures. Note: This exam is language independent.
Elective Exams (one required)
Exam 70-229:
Designing and Implementing Databases with Microsoft SQL Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-230:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-234:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft Commerce Server 2000
Exam 70–330:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET
OR
Exam 70–340: Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual C# .NET
Certifications help assure employers that you are valuable. It is the best way you could exhibit your technical expertise, in paper. In most cases, you won't get a chance to demonstrate your ability; but a small piece of text in your resume regarding your certifications will make you stand out. There is no doubt that certifications help you in your career. If you want a job, or want to get promoted, certifications do increase chances.
So what are the .NET certifications?
With Microsoft .NET, you have two certifications to choose from: Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD), and Microsoft Certified Application DeveloperMCAD).
What are the differences?
MCSD is the premium certification while MCAD is the entry-level one. MCSD is targeted for experienced professionals while MCAD is for those who had been around for only 1-2 years. Other than the fact that MCSD requires you to pass two additional exams than MCAD, there are no other exam-level differences. So, your MCAD exams count towards your MCSD certification too.
Which one should I go for now?
If you are a developer who is involved more into implementing (read programming) projects, take MCAD. If you are more of an architect rather than a developer, who analyzes the project requirements, and designs solutions, take MCSD.
What will I gain?
Apart from the certification and industry recognition, you get access to a lot of other goodies like: the certification logo, invitations to conferences and much more. Visit MCSD benefits and MCAD benefits for more information.
How much?
Each exam costs around 2,400/-.
MCAD Exam Details
A total of three exams - two core and one elective, are required.Core Exams (two required)
Visual Basic .NET Language Path
Visual C# Language Path
Exam 70-305:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-306: Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-310: Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-315:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-316:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-320:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Elective Exams (one required)
Exam 70-229: Designing and Implementing Databases with Microsoft SQL Server 2000, Enterprise Edition
Exam 70-230:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-234:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft Commerce Server 2000
Exam 70–330:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET
OR
Exam 70–340:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual C# .NET
MCSD Exam Details
In addition to the MCAD exams, you need to pass one more core and elective exam each. Hence MCSD requires you to pass five exams. If you are already an MCSD on non-.NET, you will have to take the core exams.
Core Exams (all four required)
Visual Basic .NET Language Path
Exam 70-305:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-306:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-310:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-300:
Analyzing Requirements and Defining .NET Solution Architectures. Note: This exam is language independent.
Visual C# Language Path
Exam 70-315:
Developing and Implementing Web Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-316:
Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with C# and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Exam 70-320:
Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework
Exam 70-300:
Analyzing Requirements and Defining .NET Solution Architectures. Note: This exam is language independent.
Elective Exams (one required)
Exam 70-229:
Designing and Implementing Databases with Microsoft SQL Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-230:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft BizTalk Server 2000, Enterprise Edition Exam 70-234:
Designing and Implementing Solutions with Microsoft Commerce Server 2000
Exam 70–330:
Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET
OR
Exam 70–340: Implementing Security for Applications with Microsoft Visual C# .NET
Sunday, August 5, 2007
MCAD.NET Certification
MCAD.NET Certification
There are several sources (and resources) available for study out there. The only question is how many of them really help you achieve success, let alone guarantee it. CertMagic’s MCAD.NET online tests offer you the best tests possible.
What’s so special about these tests that make them the best tests available? The tests come with a set of comprehensive questions that correspond to the actual tests. These MCAD.NET practice exams are offered along with complete details and verified answers that are provided by experienced experts in the field so that you get an opportunity to see where you stand and know the correct answers.
That is not the only feature that makes these the best tests available. The best test for the best test is whether it can deliver results to you. CertMagic can – and does. CertMagic also constantly updates its repertoire so that what you get is what is required TODAY. The structure of the questions also follows the actual exam structure. Find out for yourself – it’s the best test available from any net-based resource.
These MCAD.NET Study Guides are Available to download Now immediately after Your purchase, It's Downloadable and Printable
This product MCAD.NET Study Guides technical content was developed by Certified professionals, our CertMagic MCAD.NET Study Guide have Very Good Practice Questions with Answers
All Authors of this product MCAD.NET Study Guides are Certified professionals
Thousands of our CertMagic customers worldwide told us, this product content is better than dozens of mock exam tests by simulators
By reading our CertMagic product MCAD.NET Study Guides, thousands of professionals succeeded in their Certification exam and career as well
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CertMagic product MCAD.NET Certification Study Guides are top quality and will assist you in gaining a true understanding of the technologies, without resorting to brain dumps
There are several sources (and resources) available for study out there. The only question is how many of them really help you achieve success, let alone guarantee it. CertMagic’s MCAD.NET online tests offer you the best tests possible.
What’s so special about these tests that make them the best tests available? The tests come with a set of comprehensive questions that correspond to the actual tests. These MCAD.NET practice exams are offered along with complete details and verified answers that are provided by experienced experts in the field so that you get an opportunity to see where you stand and know the correct answers.
That is not the only feature that makes these the best tests available. The best test for the best test is whether it can deliver results to you. CertMagic can – and does. CertMagic also constantly updates its repertoire so that what you get is what is required TODAY. The structure of the questions also follows the actual exam structure. Find out for yourself – it’s the best test available from any net-based resource.
These MCAD.NET Study Guides are Available to download Now immediately after Your purchase, It's Downloadable and Printable
This product MCAD.NET Study Guides technical content was developed by Certified professionals, our CertMagic MCAD.NET Study Guide have Very Good Practice Questions with Answers
All Authors of this product MCAD.NET Study Guides are Certified professionals
Thousands of our CertMagic customers worldwide told us, this product content is better than dozens of mock exam tests by simulators
By reading our CertMagic product MCAD.NET Study Guides, thousands of professionals succeeded in their Certification exam and career as well
We guarantee that by using our CertMagic MCAD.NET Study Guide exams training materials, you will be prepared for Your upcoming certification Exam, and will pass on Your First attempt.
CertMagic product MCAD.NET Certification Study Guides are top quality and will assist you in gaining a true understanding of the technologies, without resorting to brain dumps
Wednesday, August 1, 2007
What is Windows SharePoint Services?
Windows SharePoint Services is a versatile technology included in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 that enables organizations and business units of all sizes to increase the efficiency of business processes and improve team productivity. With tools for collaboration that help people stay connected across organizational and geographic boundaries, Windows SharePoint Services gives people access to documents and information they need. With a familiar, Web-based interface and close integration with everyday tools including the Microsoft Office system of productivity programs, Windows SharePoint Services is easy to use and can be deployed rapidly. Users can create workspaces and then publish, store, share, and keep track of information, workflow, and documents.
Built on Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Windows SharePoint Services also gives organizations a cost-effective foundation platform for building Web-based business applications that can scale easily to meet the changing and growing needs of your business. Robust administrative controls for managing storage and Web infrastructure give IT departments a cost-effective way to implement and manage a high-performance collaboration environment
Built on Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Windows SharePoint Services also gives organizations a cost-effective foundation platform for building Web-based business applications that can scale easily to meet the changing and growing needs of your business. Robust administrative controls for managing storage and Web infrastructure give IT departments a cost-effective way to implement and manage a high-performance collaboration environment
PORT NUMBERS(last updated 2007-07-31) The port numbers are divided into three ranges: the Well Known Ports,the Registered Ports, and the Dynamic and/or Private Ports.The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.DCCP Well Known ports SHOULD NOT be used without IANA registration.The registration procedure is defined in [RFC4340], Section 19.9.The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151DCCP Registered ports SHOULD NOT be used without IANA registration.The registration procedure is defined in [RFC4340], Section 19.9.The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535************************************************************************* PLEASE NOTE THE FOLLOWING: ** ** IESG STATEMENT TO THE IANA ** THE IESG BELIEVES THAT IANA MAY ALLOCATE AN ADDITIONAL PORT IN ** THE 'USER PORT' RANGE TO PROTOCOLS WHOSE CURRENT PORT ALLOCATION ** REQUIRES ACCESS TO A PRIVILEGED PORT. THIS ALLOCATION SHOULD NOT ** BE AUTOMATIC, BUT MAY OCCUR UPON APPLICATION BY AN INTERESTED ** PARTY WHOSE APPLICATION WOULD OTHERWISE FIT IANA'S POLICIES. ** ** 1. UNASSIGNED PORT NUMBERS SHOULD NOT BE USED. THE IANA WILL ASSIGN ** THE NUMBER FOR THE PORT AFTER YOUR APPLICATION HAS BEEN APPROVED. ** ** 2. ASSIGNMENT OF A PORT NUMBER DOES NOT IN ANY WAY IMPLY AN ** ENDORSEMENT OF AN APPLICATION OR PRODUCT, AND THE FACT THAT NETWORK ** TRAFFIC IS FLOWING TO OR FROM A REGISTERED PORT DOES NOT MEAN THAT ** IT IS "GOOD" TRAFFIC. FIREWALL AND SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS SHOULD ** CHOOSE HOW TO CONFIGURE THEIR SYSTEMS BASED ON THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF ** THE TRAFFIC IN QUESTION, NOT WHETHER THERE IS A PORT NUMBER ** REGISTERED OR NOT. *************************************************************************WELL KNOWN PORT NUMBERSThe Well Known Ports are assigned by the IANA and on most systems canonly be used by system (or root) processes or by programs executed byprivileged users.Ports are used in the TCP [RFC793] to name the ends of logicalconnections which carry long term conversations. For the purpose ofproviding services to unknown callers, a service contact port isdefined. This list specifies the port used by the server process asits contact port. The contact port is sometimes called the"well-known port".To the extent possible, these same port assignments are used with theUDP [RFC768].The range for assigned ports managed by the IANA is 0-1023.
Monday, July 30, 2007
.NET Defined
Before getting deeply into the subject we will first know how Businesses are related to Internet, what .NET means to them and what exactly .NET is built upon. As per the product documentation from a Business perspective, there are three phases of the Internet. The First phase gets back to the early 1990's when Internet first came into general use and which brought a big revolution for Businesses. In the First phase of the Internet Businesses designed and launched their Website's and focused on the number of hits to know how many customers were visiting their site and interested in their products, etc. The Second phase is what we are in right now and in this phase Businesses are generating revenue through Online Transactions. We are now moving into the Third phase of the Internet where profit is the main priority. The focus here is to Businesses effectively communicate with their customers and partners who are geographically isolated, participate in Digital Economy and deliver a wide range of services. How can that be possible? The answer, with .NET.
What is .NET ?
Many people reckon that it's Microsoft's way of controlling the Internet, which is false. .NET is Microsoft's strategy of software that provides services to people any time, any place, on any device. An accurate definition of .NET is, it's an XML Web Services platform which allows us to build rich .NET applications, which allows users to interact with the Internet using wide range of smart devices (tablet devices, pocket PC's, web phones etc), which allows to build and integrate Web Services and which comes with many rich set of tools like Visual Studio to fully develop and build those applications.
What are Web Services?
Web Services are the applications that run on a Web Server and communicate with other applications. It uses a series of protocols to respond to different requests. The protocols on which Web Services are built are summarized below:
UDDI: Stands for Universal Discovery and Description Integration. It's said to be the Yellow Pages of Web Services which allows Businesses to search for other Businesses allowing them to search for the services it needs, know about the services and contact them.
WSDL: Stands for Web Services Description Language, often called as whiz-dull. WSDL is an XML document that describes a set of SOAP messages and how those messages are exchanged.
SOAP: Stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It's the communication protocol for Web Services.
XML, HTTP and SMTP: Stands for Extensible Markup Language, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and Simple Message Transfer Protocol respectively. UDDI, WSDL and SOAP rely on these protocols for communication.
The image below shows the order of the protocols on which Web Services are built:
Example of a Web Services Application
Let's say a customer accesses a Website and buys something. The Web services of the business will communicate with the inventory system to see if there is enough stock to fulfill the order. If not, the system can communicate with the suppliers to find one or all of the parts that make up the order before filling the order. At all stages the customer will be kept informed via messages. The end result is a seamless system communicating and exchanging information easily regardless of the platform they are all running on. The business don't need to worry about going to the wrong supplier because it asks the Web service running on the supplier system what it does. And the business doesn't have to worry about the other system's methods of handling data because they communicate via SOAP and XML.
Real World Application
Microsoft's passport service is an example of a .NET service. Passport is a Web-based service designed to make signing in to Websites fast and easy. Passport enables participating sites to authenticate a user with a single set of sign-in credentials eliminating the need for users to remember numerous passwords and sign-in names. You can use one name and password to sign in to all .NET Passport-participating sites and services. You can store personal information in your .NET Passport profile and, if you choose, automatically share that information when you sign in so that participating sites can provide you with personalized services. If you use Hotmail for your email needs then you should be very much familiar with the passport service.
To find out more about how Businesses are implementing Web Services and the advantages it is providing please visit Microsoft's Website and check out the case studies published.
What is .NET Built On?
.NET is built on the Windows Server System to take major advantage of the OS and which comes with a host of different servers which allows for building, deploying, managing and maintaining Web-based solutions. The Windows Server System is designed with performance as priority and it provides scalability, reliability, and manageability for the global, Web-enabled enterprise. The Windows Server System integrated software products are built for interoperability using open Web standards such as XML and SOAP.
Core Windows Server System Products include :
SQL Server2000: This Database Server is Web enabled and is designed with priority for .NET based applications. It is scalable, easy to manage and has a native XML store.
Application Center 2000: This product is designed to manage Web Applications.
Commerce Server 2000: This powerful Server is designed for creating E-Commerce based applications.
Mobile Information Server: This Server provides real-time access for the mobile community. Now Outlook users can use their Pocket PC's to access all their Outlook data while they are moving.
Exchange Server 2000: This is a messaging system Server and allows applications on any device to access information and collaborate using XML.
BizTalk Server 2000: This is the first product created for .NET which is XML based and allows to build business process that integrate with other services in the organization or with other Businesses.
Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000: This Server provides Security and Protection for machines. It is an integrated firewall and Web cache server built to make the Web-enabled enterprise safer, faster, and more manageable.
Host Integration Server 2000: This Server allows for the Integration of mainframe systems with .NET.
When developing real world projects if you don't know how to use the above mentioned Server's which are built for .NET based applications do not worry. Your System Administrator is always there to help you.
.NET and XML
There is a lot of connection between XML and .NET. XML is the glue that holds .NET together. XML looks similar to HTML which is readable and text-based. XML is a method of putting structured data into a text file. XML is the specification for defining the structure of the document. Around this specification a whole family of optional modules are being developed. The reason why XML is linked so much to .NET is, it's platform independent and is well supported on any environment. To move the data contained in an XML file around different organizations using different software on different platforms it should be packed it into something. That something is a protocol like SOAP.
About SOAP
SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol is a simple, lightweight protocol for exchanging information between peers in a decentralized, distributed environment. It is an XML based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelop that describes what is in the message and how it should be processed, a set of encoding rules and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses.
.NET vs Java
Many of us wonder what .NET has to do with Java. Is there any relation between them? Are they similar? and so on. I even hear some people say .NET is Microsoft's answer to Java. I think every language has its own pros and cons. Java is one of the greatest programming languages created by humans. Java doesn't have a visual interface and requires us to write heaps of code to develop applications. On the other hand, with .NET, the Framework supports around 20 different programming languages which are better and focus only on business logic leaving all other aspects to the Framework. Visual Studio .NET comes with a rich visual interface and supports drag and drop. Many applications were developed, tested and maintained to compare the differences between .NET and Java and the end result was a particular application developed using .NET requires less lines of code, less time to develop and lower deployment costs along with other important issues. Personally, I don't mean to say that Java is gone or .NET based applications are going to dominate the Internet but I think .NET definitely has an extra edge as it is packed with features that simplify application development.
I hope the information above puts some light on the technology aspects behind .NET and helps you in getting started.
What is .NET ?
Many people reckon that it's Microsoft's way of controlling the Internet, which is false. .NET is Microsoft's strategy of software that provides services to people any time, any place, on any device. An accurate definition of .NET is, it's an XML Web Services platform which allows us to build rich .NET applications, which allows users to interact with the Internet using wide range of smart devices (tablet devices, pocket PC's, web phones etc), which allows to build and integrate Web Services and which comes with many rich set of tools like Visual Studio to fully develop and build those applications.
What are Web Services?
Web Services are the applications that run on a Web Server and communicate with other applications. It uses a series of protocols to respond to different requests. The protocols on which Web Services are built are summarized below:
UDDI: Stands for Universal Discovery and Description Integration. It's said to be the Yellow Pages of Web Services which allows Businesses to search for other Businesses allowing them to search for the services it needs, know about the services and contact them.
WSDL: Stands for Web Services Description Language, often called as whiz-dull. WSDL is an XML document that describes a set of SOAP messages and how those messages are exchanged.
SOAP: Stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It's the communication protocol for Web Services.
XML, HTTP and SMTP: Stands for Extensible Markup Language, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol and Simple Message Transfer Protocol respectively. UDDI, WSDL and SOAP rely on these protocols for communication.
The image below shows the order of the protocols on which Web Services are built:
Example of a Web Services Application
Let's say a customer accesses a Website and buys something. The Web services of the business will communicate with the inventory system to see if there is enough stock to fulfill the order. If not, the system can communicate with the suppliers to find one or all of the parts that make up the order before filling the order. At all stages the customer will be kept informed via messages. The end result is a seamless system communicating and exchanging information easily regardless of the platform they are all running on. The business don't need to worry about going to the wrong supplier because it asks the Web service running on the supplier system what it does. And the business doesn't have to worry about the other system's methods of handling data because they communicate via SOAP and XML.
Real World Application
Microsoft's passport service is an example of a .NET service. Passport is a Web-based service designed to make signing in to Websites fast and easy. Passport enables participating sites to authenticate a user with a single set of sign-in credentials eliminating the need for users to remember numerous passwords and sign-in names. You can use one name and password to sign in to all .NET Passport-participating sites and services. You can store personal information in your .NET Passport profile and, if you choose, automatically share that information when you sign in so that participating sites can provide you with personalized services. If you use Hotmail for your email needs then you should be very much familiar with the passport service.
To find out more about how Businesses are implementing Web Services and the advantages it is providing please visit Microsoft's Website and check out the case studies published.
What is .NET Built On?
.NET is built on the Windows Server System to take major advantage of the OS and which comes with a host of different servers which allows for building, deploying, managing and maintaining Web-based solutions. The Windows Server System is designed with performance as priority and it provides scalability, reliability, and manageability for the global, Web-enabled enterprise. The Windows Server System integrated software products are built for interoperability using open Web standards such as XML and SOAP.
Core Windows Server System Products include :
SQL Server2000: This Database Server is Web enabled and is designed with priority for .NET based applications. It is scalable, easy to manage and has a native XML store.
Application Center 2000: This product is designed to manage Web Applications.
Commerce Server 2000: This powerful Server is designed for creating E-Commerce based applications.
Mobile Information Server: This Server provides real-time access for the mobile community. Now Outlook users can use their Pocket PC's to access all their Outlook data while they are moving.
Exchange Server 2000: This is a messaging system Server and allows applications on any device to access information and collaborate using XML.
BizTalk Server 2000: This is the first product created for .NET which is XML based and allows to build business process that integrate with other services in the organization or with other Businesses.
Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2000: This Server provides Security and Protection for machines. It is an integrated firewall and Web cache server built to make the Web-enabled enterprise safer, faster, and more manageable.
Host Integration Server 2000: This Server allows for the Integration of mainframe systems with .NET.
When developing real world projects if you don't know how to use the above mentioned Server's which are built for .NET based applications do not worry. Your System Administrator is always there to help you.
.NET and XML
There is a lot of connection between XML and .NET. XML is the glue that holds .NET together. XML looks similar to HTML which is readable and text-based. XML is a method of putting structured data into a text file. XML is the specification for defining the structure of the document. Around this specification a whole family of optional modules are being developed. The reason why XML is linked so much to .NET is, it's platform independent and is well supported on any environment. To move the data contained in an XML file around different organizations using different software on different platforms it should be packed it into something. That something is a protocol like SOAP.
About SOAP
SOAP, Simple Object Access Protocol is a simple, lightweight protocol for exchanging information between peers in a decentralized, distributed environment. It is an XML based protocol that consists of three parts: an envelop that describes what is in the message and how it should be processed, a set of encoding rules and a convention for representing remote procedure calls and responses.
.NET vs Java
Many of us wonder what .NET has to do with Java. Is there any relation between them? Are they similar? and so on. I even hear some people say .NET is Microsoft's answer to Java. I think every language has its own pros and cons. Java is one of the greatest programming languages created by humans. Java doesn't have a visual interface and requires us to write heaps of code to develop applications. On the other hand, with .NET, the Framework supports around 20 different programming languages which are better and focus only on business logic leaving all other aspects to the Framework. Visual Studio .NET comes with a rich visual interface and supports drag and drop. Many applications were developed, tested and maintained to compare the differences between .NET and Java and the end result was a particular application developed using .NET requires less lines of code, less time to develop and lower deployment costs along with other important issues. Personally, I don't mean to say that Java is gone or .NET based applications are going to dominate the Internet but I think .NET definitely has an extra edge as it is packed with features that simplify application development.
I hope the information above puts some light on the technology aspects behind .NET and helps you in getting started.
Friday, July 27, 2007
Resume
RANGANATHAN.P
s/o Palanisamy,
Palaniboyan thottam,
Kalamadipuram,
Erakanelli(po),
Thalavadi(via)-638461.
Home : +919442904648.
Mobile : +919843889901.
ranganath_arul@rediffmail.com.
Objective
To obtain an entry-level position in software industry that would allow me to develop my skills while contributing to organization goals and where I can constantly learn, improve and share software Development skills, technologies, and methods.
Educational Background
M.C.A K.S.R.C.E. Thiruechencode. 70.38%
B.Sc. (Computer Science) Ayyan Thiruvalluvar College of Arts and Science. Sellppampalayam.
60.76%
12th (State Board ) GOVT HSS. Annur. 57.86% 2000
S.S.L.C(State Board) GOVT HSS. Annur. 68.2% 1998
Technical Skills
Operating systems : Ms-Dos, Windows 98, windows2000 And Windows XP.
Databases : MS-Access, MYSQL Server.
Languages : C, C++.
Script Language : java script, HTML, CSS.
Packages : Visual Basic 6.0, Visual Basic .Net 2005, ASP .Net 2.0, C#.Net.
Server : Windows 2003 Server (Administration).
Area Of Interest
Web Application’s.
Application programs.
Academic Project Details
1 .HUMAN RESORUCE MANAGEMENT
Description
To maintenance the employee database and to develop the human resources in an efficient manner.
Tools Used
VB 6.0
Backend
MS ACCESS.
Team Size
1.
Duration
2 Month
Client
KG MILLS PVT LTD.
2. SCHOLORSHIP MANAGEMENT
Description
Scholorship Management System is used to get the student information and to maintain the reports for the students in an efficient manner.
Tools Used VB .NET 2005.
Backend
MS ACCESS.
Team Size 1 .
Duration 2 Month.
Client KSR College of Engineering Thiruechencode.
3 .Remote Administration
Description
Remote Administration is used to controlling the client based on process and to get the client machine full information, shutdown, logoff, restart and control and Kill the client process at same time control client machine peripherals efficient manner.
Tools Used
C# .NET 2005.
Team Size 1.
Duration 6 Month.
Client Cegon Info Solution Bangalore.
Outstanding Achievements
Participating ‘QUIZ’ & ‘DEBUGGING’ from a national level symposium conducted at ‘Vivekananda College of Engineering’.
Participating ‘PAPER PERSENTATION’ at ‘PLASMONIC INVISIBLITY’ from a national level symposium conducted at ‘Hindustan college of Engineering & Technology’.
Personal Details
Name : - Ranganathan.P.
Father’s Name : - Palanisamy.
Date of Birth : - 02-01-1983.
Age : - 24.
Gender : - Male.
Nationality : - Indian.
Marital Status : - Single.
Passport Number : -G1042389.
Languages known : - English and Tamil.
Place:
Date: (RANGANATHAN.P)
s/o Palanisamy,
Palaniboyan thottam,
Kalamadipuram,
Erakanelli(po),
Thalavadi(via)-638461.
Home : +919442904648.
Mobile : +919843889901.
ranganath_arul@rediffmail.com.
Objective
To obtain an entry-level position in software industry that would allow me to develop my skills while contributing to organization goals and where I can constantly learn, improve and share software Development skills, technologies, and methods.
Educational Background
M.C.A K.S.R.C.E. Thiruechencode. 70.38%
B.Sc. (Computer Science) Ayyan Thiruvalluvar College of Arts and Science. Sellppampalayam.
60.76%
12th (State Board ) GOVT HSS. Annur. 57.86% 2000
S.S.L.C(State Board) GOVT HSS. Annur. 68.2% 1998
Technical Skills
Operating systems : Ms-Dos, Windows 98, windows2000 And Windows XP.
Databases : MS-Access, MYSQL Server.
Languages : C, C++.
Script Language : java script, HTML, CSS.
Packages : Visual Basic 6.0, Visual Basic .Net 2005, ASP .Net 2.0, C#.Net.
Server : Windows 2003 Server (Administration).
Area Of Interest
Web Application’s.
Application programs.
Academic Project Details
1 .HUMAN RESORUCE MANAGEMENT
Description
To maintenance the employee database and to develop the human resources in an efficient manner.
Tools Used
VB 6.0
Backend
MS ACCESS.
Team Size
1.
Duration
2 Month
Client
KG MILLS PVT LTD.
2. SCHOLORSHIP MANAGEMENT
Description
Scholorship Management System is used to get the student information and to maintain the reports for the students in an efficient manner.
Tools Used VB .NET 2005.
Backend
MS ACCESS.
Team Size 1 .
Duration 2 Month.
Client KSR College of Engineering Thiruechencode.
3 .Remote Administration
Description
Remote Administration is used to controlling the client based on process and to get the client machine full information, shutdown, logoff, restart and control and Kill the client process at same time control client machine peripherals efficient manner.
Tools Used
C# .NET 2005.
Team Size 1.
Duration 6 Month.
Client Cegon Info Solution Bangalore.
Outstanding Achievements
Participating ‘QUIZ’ & ‘DEBUGGING’ from a national level symposium conducted at ‘Vivekananda College of Engineering’.
Participating ‘PAPER PERSENTATION’ at ‘PLASMONIC INVISIBLITY’ from a national level symposium conducted at ‘Hindustan college of Engineering & Technology’.
Personal Details
Name : - Ranganathan.P.
Father’s Name : - Palanisamy.
Date of Birth : - 02-01-1983.
Age : - 24.
Gender : - Male.
Nationality : - Indian.
Marital Status : - Single.
Passport Number : -G1042389.
Languages known : - English and Tamil.
Place:
Date: (RANGANATHAN.P)
Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows Users
Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows Users
Did you know that you don't have to have a mouse to navigate Windows? Here is how to navigate Windows if your mouse has stopped working or if you want to save time by not moving your hand back and forth.
When Windows first starts up and your desktop is displayed, an icon is already highlighted - in order to select other icons, use your arrow keys to move among the icons. Once they are highlighted, you can hit your enter key instead of double-clicking them with your mouse.
To access the start menu, most keyboards have a window key (see what it looks like) that you can use to open the start menu. If your keyboard doesn't have a windows key, you can hit ctrl and esc to open it. Once the start menu is open, you can use your arrow keys to move among the items and use your enter key to open the items.
When you are at a dialog window you can move through all the option areas by hitting tab. Once you are at the area that you want to be in, use your arrow keys and your enter key to open the item.
If you want to check or uncheck a box with your keyboard, get to that area by using tab and then click your spacebar to check or uncheck.
Here are more keyboard commands:
CTRL+TAB - Move forward through tabs.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB - Move backward through tabs.
TAB Move forward through options.
SHIFT+TAB - Move backward through options.
ALT+Underlined letter - Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option.
ENTER - Carry out the command for the active option or button.
SPACEBAR - Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box.
Arrow keys - Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.
F1 - Display Help.
F4 - Display the items in the active list.
BACKSPACE - Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box.
CTRL+C - Copy.
CTRL+X - Cut.
CTRL+V - Paste.
CTRL+Z - Undo.
DELETE - Delete.
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin.
CTRL while dragging an item - Copy selected item.
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item - Create shortcut to selected item.
F2 - Rename selected item.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
CTRL+DOWN ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph.
CTRL+UP ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys - Highlight a block of text.
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys - Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document.
CTRL+A - Select all.
F3 - Search for a file or folder.
ALT+ENTER - View properties for the selected item.
ALT+F4 - Close the active item, or quit the active program.
ALT+Enter - Displays the properties of the selected object.
ALT+SPACEBAR - Opens the shortcut menu for the active window.
CTRL+F4 - Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously.
ALT+TAB - Switch between open items.
ALT+ESC - Cycle through items in the order they were opened.
F6 - Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop.
F4 - Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
SHIFT+F10 - Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.
ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the System menu for the active window.
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu.
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name - Display the corresponding menu.
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu - Carry out the corresponding command.
F10 - Activate the menu bar in the active program.
RIGHT ARROW - Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu.
LEFT ARROW - Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu.
F5 - Refresh the active window.
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
ESC - Cancel the current task.
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive - Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Windows Key - Display or hide the Start menu. Windows Key +BREAK - Display the System Properties dialog box.
Windows Key +D - Show the desktop.
Windows Key +M - Minimize all windows.
Windows Key +Shift+M - Restores minimized windows.
Windows Key +E - Open My Computer.
Windows Key +F - Search for a file or folder.
CTRL+ Windows Key +F - Search for computers.
Windows Key +F1 - Display Windows Help.
Windows Key + L - Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain.
Windows Key +R - Open the Run dialog box.
Windows Key +U - Open Utility Manager.
Remember that some of these commands will only work in some versions of Windows (i.e. 95, 98, ME, XP, 2000). Most of these commands will work with individual programs also.
Did you know that you don't have to have a mouse to navigate Windows? Here is how to navigate Windows if your mouse has stopped working or if you want to save time by not moving your hand back and forth.
When Windows first starts up and your desktop is displayed, an icon is already highlighted - in order to select other icons, use your arrow keys to move among the icons. Once they are highlighted, you can hit your enter key instead of double-clicking them with your mouse.
To access the start menu, most keyboards have a window key (see what it looks like) that you can use to open the start menu. If your keyboard doesn't have a windows key, you can hit ctrl and esc to open it. Once the start menu is open, you can use your arrow keys to move among the items and use your enter key to open the items.
When you are at a dialog window you can move through all the option areas by hitting tab. Once you are at the area that you want to be in, use your arrow keys and your enter key to open the item.
If you want to check or uncheck a box with your keyboard, get to that area by using tab and then click your spacebar to check or uncheck.
Here are more keyboard commands:
CTRL+TAB - Move forward through tabs.
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB - Move backward through tabs.
TAB Move forward through options.
SHIFT+TAB - Move backward through options.
ALT+Underlined letter - Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option.
ENTER - Carry out the command for the active option or button.
SPACEBAR - Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box.
Arrow keys - Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons.
F1 - Display Help.
F4 - Display the items in the active list.
BACKSPACE - Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box.
CTRL+C - Copy.
CTRL+X - Cut.
CTRL+V - Paste.
CTRL+Z - Undo.
DELETE - Delete.
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin.
CTRL while dragging an item - Copy selected item.
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item - Create shortcut to selected item.
F2 - Rename selected item.
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word.
CTRL+LEFT ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
CTRL+DOWN ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph.
CTRL+UP ARROW - Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph.
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys - Highlight a block of text.
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys - Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document.
CTRL+A - Select all.
F3 - Search for a file or folder.
ALT+ENTER - View properties for the selected item.
ALT+F4 - Close the active item, or quit the active program.
ALT+Enter - Displays the properties of the selected object.
ALT+SPACEBAR - Opens the shortcut menu for the active window.
CTRL+F4 - Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously.
ALT+TAB - Switch between open items.
ALT+ESC - Cycle through items in the order they were opened.
F6 - Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop.
F4 - Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
SHIFT+F10 - Display the shortcut menu for the selected item.
ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the System menu for the active window.
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu.
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name - Display the corresponding menu.
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu - Carry out the corresponding command.
F10 - Activate the menu bar in the active program.
RIGHT ARROW - Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu.
LEFT ARROW - Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu.
F5 - Refresh the active window.
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer.
ESC - Cancel the current task.
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive - Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Windows Key - Display or hide the Start menu. Windows Key +BREAK - Display the System Properties dialog box.
Windows Key +D - Show the desktop.
Windows Key +M - Minimize all windows.
Windows Key +Shift+M - Restores minimized windows.
Windows Key +E - Open My Computer.
Windows Key +F - Search for a file or folder.
CTRL+ Windows Key +F - Search for computers.
Windows Key +F1 - Display Windows Help.
Windows Key + L - Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain.
Windows Key +R - Open the Run dialog box.
Windows Key +U - Open Utility Manager.
Remember that some of these commands will only work in some versions of Windows (i.e. 95, 98, ME, XP, 2000). Most of these commands will work with individual programs also.
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